On top of the violence and disorder on the streets, there were three themes running through the four days of this year’s higgledy-piggledy General Assembly:
Safeguarding,
Finance and
Reconfiguration, and the three were quite interlinked at points.
Three and a half days of business stretched into four. Here’s a few highlights from my four days attending. My takeaway observations are that:
- Members of General Assembly are incurious and few seemed to have (taken the time to) read the Blue Book from cover to cover. (I recommend working from the back towards the front as General Council’s multiple sections make more sense once you’ve got a picture of the other councils’ work.)
- The lack of coverage of the General Assembly’s business outside of the News Letter and Belfast Telegraph is an indication that PCI is currently being defined by its response to the safeguarding crisis. The commitment to openness about learning is to be welcomed.
- Wordy reports, corporate communications and press releases don’t cut through in a world that prefers to hear about the experience of individuals so the denomination’s much-needed response to racism and violence against women and girls needs to be shared in a way that it will be heard. (That said, the background work to respond to NI Executive and Assembly Committee consultations is also important and worthwhile.)
- The process to restructure how the denomination operates – which is being driven by a hydra of task groups – will also have to take into account the results of INEQE investigation due next June. It would be wise to plan for a Special Assembly in November 2027 to address the final Structures proposals as it’s already clear that final decisions would be unwise and unlikely in June 2027.
Disclosure: I’m a member of the Presbyterian Church and sit on the Support Services Committee (whose private business doesn’t inform my public reporting). And I've read enough blue books of reports and sat through so many General Assemblies I can nearly spot when resolutions are taken in the wrong order and could almost explain PCI’s version of the‘offside rule’ (when an amendment becomes the substantive motion and there’s unexpectedly more time for debate)!
Business at this week’s Presbyterian General Assembly was disrupted by what was happening outside the Assembly Hall.
The opening day’s business on Tuesday was curtailed by the online threats of disruption with the evening session cancelled and delegates sent home. Many of the delegates use public transport to travel in and out of Belfast. Wednesday’s late afternoon installation of the new moderator was postponed, the civic guests cancelled, and delegates sent home at lunchtime. Many traybakes for the moderator’s bun-worry were wasted.
Outgoing moderator Richard Murray served an extra day in office and Richard Kerr was finally installed at 10:38 on Thursday morning. So there was a lot of shuffling of business and reduced times for some speeches to catch up on the lapsed business which finally concluded just after 4pm on Friday afternoon.
Richard Murray said he was “appalled” at the knife attack in North Belfast. Prayers were offered over several days for the victim, and then (to quote) “for ethnic minorities who live among us” and for people whose homes, vehicles and work places had been attacked. The Moderator said that the rioting “has also left us appalled”. He said that the right to protest did not extend to a right to riot, or a right to intimidate or to threaten or to take life. Speaking on behalf of the denomination, he appealed “to the wider community for peace and calm, and for sense to prevail”.
Former Moderator Frank Sellar also commented on what he called “sinister” scenes with protesters wearing balaclavas to disguise their identities. He went on to address the latest unsolicited and anonymous email from a person or group called Troubled Presbyterians sent to most ministers. He said the emails were “sinister” and the issues should be more properly raised on the floor of the Assembly. “Please stop sending these emails … it’s important that we do everything we do is done openly and transparently … please stop hiding behind balaclavas.”
Could the church be prophetic in tackling racism? Or at least make a difference in changing public attitudes and protecting those who are experiencing racism everyday? Those weren’t questions the General Assembly considered. [Although I’ve heard an unconfirmed report of a Belfast congregation experiencing racism-related damage to their building.]
Back in 2021 General Assembly heard that “Racism and inclusion are very challenging issues that appear in many forms and guises. Through following up on research initiatives, one aim is to keep abreast of the experiences of ethnic minorities in churches on the island of Ireland, with a view to ensuring PCI’s own house is in order before seeking to call society to account. In addition to grappling with issues such as colonialism, empire, and the spiritual battle against fear, prejudice, and segregation, PCI will need to reflect on the place of ethnic minorities in leadership roles within the Church.”
General Assembly reports stated that “issues around the welcome, support for and integration of refugees and other ethnic minorities, together with challenging racism and negative stereotyping, is a cross-cutting issue across various councils of PCI.”
PCI’s central work on inter-cultural relations has somewhat stalled in recent years. Addressing racism as individual Christians and as congregations could become a priority. The Irish Council of Churches – whose general secretary Rev Dr Karen Campbell is one of the new moderator’s chaplains – did some work on this last year in response to the race riots, and their 2010 report on Migration, Diversity and Interculturalism would give PCI a head start.
After November’s announcement about central safeguarding failures and two Special General Assembles, there were updates on the various safeguarding reviews and investigations.
General Assembly heard that “to protect the integrity of the police investigation there is relatively little we can say about it at this stage”.
Regarding the INEQE (prounced ‘in-eek’) review of governance and safeguarding for the Charity Commission, it is “progressing well” and the group led by Jim Gamble will soon begin gathering information from congregations and individuals. Completion of the report is due by June 2027.
General Council has committed to publish the findings of that Charity Commission review and the learning within (except where it would contradict legal obligations regarding data protection).
Incoming clerk Jonathan Boyd who is currently convenor of the Statutory Investigations Advisory Task Group which has been advising Richard Murray in his liaison role said that it was part of our reformed conviction that God can use the civil authorities to address problems in the church and we should thank God for the work he does through the civil authorities to correct and purify the Church. (It’s not clear whether the former moderator remains the main liaison point for the PSNI, or whether that will shift to his successor or someone else.)
The work to support the investigations and reviews was said to have been onerous and prioritised. The sentiment that other normal work of the denomination has been sidelined and delayed was echoed in several Council reports. One report in particular went as far as to say that unintentionally prioritising safeguarding, updating the Code and reconfiguration of ministry had led to “neglect [that] has significantly weakened the local church”.
Convenor of the General Council David Bruce said he believed the denomination is being chastised and their reputation will need to be rebuilt from the ground up. He told the Assembly that “over the course of the past six months, I have met personally with several people at their request, either in their homes or elsewhere, and I have corresponded with others, as have [other senior church figures] and members of our Safeguarding Team. This has not been perfect, and I want to apologise sincerely for the times when the church’s central responses to emerging situations have caused further distress.”
Outgoing moderator Richard Murray preached at very start of his fourth General Assembly in the chair. He said “it has been a torrid time for us in PCI” adding later in his sermon that “it’s been a tough seven or eight months for the denomination and many have been left disheartened and discouraged by our failures in safeguarding”.
But he questioned whether balance had been lost in a hard-hitting part of his address: “I’ve been hearing a lot about polity over the last seven months … but I haven’t heard anyone talking about spirituality. I’ve been hearing a lot about the Code … but I’d love to hear a lot more about compassion. I’ve been hearing a lot about covenant but I’d love to hear a lot more about conversion.”
New moderator Richard Kerr’s theme is “For God so loved”, an invitation (from chapter 1 of the gospel of John) to refocus on what is at the core of Christian faith: to refocus on the lavish love of God, the centrality of the cross, and the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit. He said that he hopes that the investigations and inquiries can be turned around from something negative to something constructive, and provide an open and honest foundation from which to move forward.
Back in December, the Special Assembly agreed to beef up the Safeguarding Department and boost its independence.
Director of Operations Ken Swarbrick updated Assembly. So far, they haven’t been able to recruit a Head of Safeguarding, but by the end of next month, there will be 6 executive staff working in the safeguarding department aided by 3.5 admin officers. No one asked why the post was proving difficult to fill or whether there was a timescale for further recruitment.
Last December in the first of two Special Assemblies, ministers discovered that there was a so-called Secret Protocol that was being followed if serious safeguarding complaints were made. Prior to the Special Assembly in December, it hadn’t been shared with ministers. In the most serious of cases, individuals could be required to step back from their roles. A revised protocol has now been agreed by the Assembly which includes timescales and procedures for who needs to be appointed to an Emergency Safeguarding Panel and a reminder that it’s not an investigative body.
No one asked how often the protocol has been used … but it’s understood that the protocol has been used in a handful of cases and people have been asked to step back.
The work of reconfiguration and restructuring continues.
Work to reconfigure how local congregations relate to each other – with linkages between congregations, mergers, and dissolutions or closures planned at a regional Presbytery level began a few years ago and is ongoing. Compared to last year’s General Assembly, this activity has accelerated, but the process has many years to run.
Alongside these changes is the vision to create 10 newly-constituted congregations in addition to 10 new church planting projects over the next 10 years, an initiative with the snappy title of 10+10 in 10.
Speakers rose to ask whether it’s turned into a reconfiguration of buildings and lost sight of the reconfiguration of ministry. Some spoke about how reconfiguration can be positive.
Leaving aside the reconfiguration of congregations, more centrally, a separate General Assembly Structures and Resources Review is ongoing. A long report has been produced which is neither final nor exhaustive, and will now be sent to presbyteries and staff for comment.
Former moderator William Henry explained that this rationalisation is due to “a shortage of ministers and declining numbers and resources”. It’s remit includes finances, buildings, ministerial training and the college, social witness, missional priorities and home and abroad, how presbyteries are organised, and more.
It contains some options but no recommendations, and it was explained that the report is purposefully full of perceptions rather than hard evidence, with delegates and staff pointing out that some of the perceptions are very inaccurate.
Overall the Structures report has the feel of homework that was incomplete but handed in to meet the deadline of the General Assembly meeting. That is a bit harsh, but the reality seems to be that the bandwidth of senior figures needed for the many, many Structures meetings was diverted to the safeguarding work, and with the pressure on staff working around the clock week in week out, nothing more concrete could be produced.
A lot of frustration with the protracted process was expressed – on the floor of the General Assembly and in the corridors and coffee times – that it could go on well beyond 2027. The members of General Assembly expressed that dissatisfaction by supporting an amendment brought by Rev Sam Bostock that forces General Assembly to make a final decision during the next calendar year, either at General Assembly or by convening a Special General Assembly. That his amendment was seconded by Rev Daniel Kane, a convenor of one of the Councils, and supported by a former moderator felt significant.
To give you a flavour of some of the ideas and questions floated in the long report that will be hitting Presbyteries and members of staff’s desks over the summer and in the autumn …
- Should PCI stop sending out its own missionaries and instead work with global mission partner organisations (who already send more Presbyterians around the world than the denomination itself)?
- Should the training of ministers be devolved to a non-PCI organisation? There was immediate strong pushback on that notion.
- If more work is to be devolved to Presbyteries, perhaps the current 19 presbyteries – the largest currently has 3 times the number of congregations than the smallest – should be reshaped into 6-8 or 12-14. Warnings from the platform that bigger does not always equal better.
It continues to be an anxious time for staff who are working against uncertainty of how they fit the denomination’s future priorities. And there are indications throughout the blue book and supplementary reports that PCI has a poor understanding of meaningful consultation and lacks expertise in surveying and measurement.
The finances of the church’s care homes and social care work were discussed in more detail than previous General Assemblies.
For several years, reports in the blue book mentioned the difficult financial situation of the work of the Council for Social Witness without giving a lot of detail. That church council currently run 6 residential care homes, a nursing home, services for addiction rehabilitation, and more. Most of its work is funded by the health and social care trusts.
This year’s council report gave the stark figure that they have now built up over the last three or four years a £3.6million internal overdraft (that’s against an annual £16m turnover). Their report explains that the council had believed their financial situation had almost turned around only to discover it was worse than they thought.
Interim Secretary Caroline Yeomans told the Assembly that some of their services “were developed for a different era” and as a Church organisation “we have not always adapted a quickly as the environment around us has changed”. She spoke of being “thankful that difficult truths are now being faced honestly”.
She spoke about years of rising costs, increasingly complex care needs and policy changes. The printed report highlights that central government fees rise slower than inflation. There has been a heavy reliance on agency staff to fill There was an opportunity for recovery that might include stopping unsustainable work and investing in areas of emerging need. From February this year, new financial recovery plans now are in place.
The Structures report suggests that the work of the Council for Social Witness could be spun out into an arms-length agency of the denomination, become totally autonomous, or sold off. The Council favour the agency approach. The need for a decision may be more urgent than the overall PCI structures review.
Answering a question raised by former moderator Norman Hamilton about other areas the Council for Social Witness could extend its expertise into, David Brice suggested that the church needed to look at streets and develop ministry for homelessness, for people with addiction and who have been through the criminal justice system. Later Norman Hamilton would return to the platform with a wren’s nest in his hand to illustrate his speech about homelessness.
Another area of the church’s work in financial difficulty is the college. Union Theological College continues to run at a deficit and is “projecting to operate at a loss for the foreseeable future”. No one asked how big the (accumulated) deficit was. The Council for Training in Ministry requests for central funding from the denomination’s United Appeal have been rising every year, with the 2027 request 30% more than back in 2023.
Is there a shortage of Presbyterian ministers?
Yes and No.
One of the reports highlighted that there may be a shortage of churches for student ministers finishing their two-year-long assistantships. This is because some vacant congregations are being held back from being allowed to call a new minister until the mergers and linkages are agreed. So in the short term there may be a shortage of churches to apply to. That said, General Assembly was told that ministers are slow to apply to opportunities in the west that have been left unfilled for well over a year.
However, in the medium term, with only 10 or 11 new student ministers entering the college each year, the number of retirements far exceeds the new supply of ministers and there may ultimately be more vacant churches that available ministers. Ministers transferring in from other countries and denominations may help make up the shortfall.
The reason for the college’s financial position was partly put down to unpredictable numbers of students. Having broken away from Queen’s University, their new partnership with St Mary’s University in Twickenham has offered non-ministerial students a BA (Hons) in Theology since September 2022.
Buried in a Structures Review report – but not verbally explained from the platform as part of the Council for Training in Ministry section of business – no further students are being accepted onto that undergraduate course, although students who are already enrolled will be able to finish their degrees.
This year’s Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) annual monitoring report is due to be published any day now and may provide more external insight into that decision.
There was commentary in written reports about the challenge of operating a ‘mini-university’ and managing the regulatory requirements being imposed by the Office for Students in England via the link with St Mary’s.
Former moderator John Kirkpatrick chairs the College Management Committee. He warned members of General Assembly that “as goes the college, so goes the church”, an oblique reference to questions of whether ministerial training could be outsourced. Instead he said the church should “prepare for growth”.
Against the backdrop of the incomplete Structures Review, Rev Prof Michael McClenahan’s three year term as college principal was extended by one year.
NDAs and Compromise Agreements
The December Special Assembly commissioned a task group to write a policy on the use of Compromise Agreements. A two-page document was debated and agreed almost unanimously, although the 380-word Biblical perspective was criticised by some as being too brief.
The official PCI position is now that NDAs will not be used as a matter of course. But they may be considered at the request of the departing employee, or to prevent or reduce further harm, or to protect other parties – like PCI staff – of whom the church has a duty of care. The triumvirate Senior Leadership Team now need to approve their use with legal and HR advice. The General Council will be furnished with an annual anonymised report about the use of Compromise Agreements and NDAs, and will have the power – subject to legal advice – to amend or cancel obligations placed on an employee.
New Clerk
Rev Jonathan Boyd is the new clerk, taking up the post in early July. He’s one of three Jonathan Boyds in the system. So it’s not a sudden rise to fame for the student minister, but instead the minister of Killyleagh congregation. (Acting Clerk David Allen will then become a part-time Assistant Clerk with responsibility for the Reconfiguration of Ministry.)
As agreed at the Special General Assembly in February, the powerful General Council now has two co-convenors, a minister and an elder, with Avril Heenan joining former moderator David Bruce as the line managers of the ‘three Wise Men’ (aka Senior Leadership Team): Clerk, Deputy Clerk and Director of Operations.
Ecumenical matters
Correspondence from one minister has triggered a review of the principles that should underlie PCI’s engagement with ecumenical bodies. A pivotal moment in PCI’s history was its decision to leave the World Council of Churches in 1980. 46 years later, the minister of Trinity congregation in Cork, Rev Richie Cronin, expressed dissatisfaction the World Communion of Reformed Churches’ gender justice policy, and stance on abortion, same-sex marriage, and its theological position on justification.
Former moderator Trevor Morrow rose to tell members of General Assembly that the reformed tradition in Britain and Ireland is traditionally ‘big tent’ theologically, while US Presbyterianism tends towards separatism. He suggested some people were receiving their reformed theology from the US. Richie Cronin countered that he was not a separatist and would like “like to stay and fight”.
Public Affairs
Convenor of the Council for Public Affairs, Rev Daniel Kane said that the denomination was not trying to “be known for winning culture wars” but wanted to be known “for advancing morally serious and human theology” as society faces up to big issues.
He said the church needed to move wider than the old hackneyed issues of human sexuality, abortion etc. “We need not to be seen for what we’re against, but be seen for what we’re for.”
Commenting on the Department of Finance’s Marriage and Civil Partnership Bill that has reached Committee Stage, Daniel Kane suggested that giving legal recognition to non-religious belief marriages – like humanist ceremonies – should not “facilitate eccentric or frivolous” ceremonies and said that the church was “opposed to marriage ceremonies being offered on a for-profit basis”. Given that consensual sexual activity is legal from the age of 16, and sex belonged within marriage, he said it was illogical of the bill to raise the minimum age of marriage from 16 to 18, provided safeguards were in place.
The church’s response to Violence Against Women and Girls was raised once from the platform.
Christian Aid
Questions were raised at last June’s General Assembly about the LGBT position taken in a report published by the Great Britain wing of Christian Aid. After spending considerable time debating it, the denomination’s Christmas World Development Appeal, a fundraiser traditionally split evenly between Tear Fund and Christian Aid (and a small amount for other projects) was altered to give congregations the option of not funding one of the charities.
While the verbal reports didn’t highlight it, the printed report of the Council for Global Mission notes that only 15 of the 500+ congregations asked for their contributions to go to Tear Fund alone, and one congregation even requested that all of their donations go to Christian Aid. Just about 3.5% of the £0.5m appeal was affected.
The science of climate change was challenged
A resolution in support of last September’s Stewardship of Creation conference went to a standing card vote late on Friday afternoon. Two speakers questioned what they perceived as a lack of alternative opinions on the science of human-induced climate change at the event. Though the organiser said the conference was primarily about unpacking what the Bible said about the issue rather than articulating the science. Several speakers expressed their dissatisfaction. A vote on the resolution eventually passed 64 to 50. But climate change is still a topic of debate among a significant minority of ministers and representative elders.
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General Assembly returns on Tuesday 15 June next year. In the meantime, the restriction on serving alcohol in Assembly Buildings has been varied so the Anglican Consultative Council can serve alcoholic wine at Eucharist services when they meet in Belfast between 27 June 2026 and 5 July 2026!